Geschichte der Webdoku
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Noch vor drei Jahren waren interaktive Dokumentar-Formate im Internet fast unbekannt. In Kanada wurde zuerst experimentiert, in Europa ging es Ende 2008 richtig los. Die erste größere Produktion „Voyage au bout du charbon“ aus Frankreich löste im Land eine Aufbruchstimmung aus, die bis heute anhält. Immer mehr Journalisten und Filmemacher wollen die Möglichkeiten des Internets nutzen, um ihre Geschichten zu erzählen: Interaktivität wurde zu Schlüsselbegriff und Verheißung.
Mittlerweile gibt es fast wöchentlich Neuerscheinungen von großen oder kleineren Produktionen. Fortbildungen werden angeboten, Konferenzen abgehalten, Produktionsfirmen gegründet, Debatten geführt – der „webdocumentaire“ gilt in französischsprachigen Ländern wie Kanada, Belgien und vor allem in Frankreich als journalistische Ausdrucksform mit Zukunft (selbst die Armee erklärt ihre Afghanistanstrategie interaktiv).
Die Ergebnisse der bisherigen Produktionen sind dabei von sehr unterschiedlicher Qualität. Gerade die Frage, wie viel Spielraum für Entscheidungen der Zuschauer überhaupt möchte, ist noch lange nicht geklärt. Die richtige Balance zwischen Interaktivität und Linearität muss größtenteils noch gefunden werden.
Große französische Sender entdecken die Webdoku
Der Begriff „webdocumentaire“, als Sammelbegriff für alle Formen der interaktiven, non-linearen Erzählformate im Internet, hat sich erst 2010 endgültig durchgesetzt: Mit der Gründung von eigenen „webdocumentaire“-Plattformen auf den Internetseiten der großen Fernsehsender Arte, France 5 und France 24. Auch Portale wie beispielsweise lemonde.fr, Internetableger der renommierten Tageszeitung Le Monde, widmen dem „webdocumentaire“ mittlerweile viel Aufmerksamkeit und Geld.
Das französische Portal „webdocu.fr“ gibt seit Herbst 2010 der Szene und ihren Entwicklungen ein Forum. Anfang Juni 2011 hat die französische Nachrichtenagentur AFP ihre erste „webdocu“ über ein Militärcamp in Afghanistan herausgebracht. Die Software zur Produktion der „webdocumentaire“ wird dabei immer benutzerfreundlicher. Anfang Juni 2011 kamen die Neuerscheinungen 3WDOC-Studio und Klynt heraus.
Deutschland hinkt hinterher
In Deutschland geht man es vergleichsweise ruhig an. Vereinzelt experimentieren Journalisten und Medienseiten mit verschiedensten Multimedia-Formaten wie Videodossiers, interaktiven Karten, etc. Eine gemeinsame Sprache für längere Dokumentar-Formate findet sich noch nicht.
Die Seite webdoku.de stellt die schönsten Webdokus aus aller Welt vor, gibt allen Interessierten in Deutschland ein Forum und informiert über aktuelle Entwicklungen der Webdoku weltweit. Der Name Webdoku steht dabei für Web-Dokumentation oder Web-Dokumentarfilm und beschreibt alle non-linearen, interaktiven journalistischen Erzählformen im Internet.
